Haruna Ibrahim*1, Idris M. Bugaje2 and Patrick O. Nwosibe1
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna-Nigeria.
2National Board for Technical Education, Kaduna-Nigeria
*Correspondence to: [email protected] ; 08133106608
Vol 4(1&2), pp. 1-9, April, 2023
https://doi.org/10.47721/ARJST20230401029
Copyright © 2023 Author(s) and Skies Educational
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
Received: 23rd November 2022 Accepted: 28th March 2023 Published: 30th April 2023
Abstract
This work was aimed at; investigating a clean method of removing waste leaves from the waste stream, converting them into fatty acids, biodiesel feedstock, or upgrading to deoxygenated fuels for higher energy content. Waste leaves of Gmelina arborea were collected, cleaned, and pulverized with ceramic mortar and pestle. A 50g of the pulverized leaves were thermally hydrolyzed over 0.75g of H2SO4, NaOH, and ZnCl2 catalysts and 500mL distilled water on a GallenKamp hot plate magnetic stirrer at 100oC for 30 minutes. The extracts were filtered with a sheet cloth, dried with 0.2% anhydrous MgSO4 and weighed. Each extract was analyzed with a gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) machine to determine its components and compositions. The quantities of fatty acids extracted over H2SO4, NaOH, and ZnCl2 were 228.30g, 184.30g and 118.43g respectively. The biodiesel estimated from the fatty acids extracted was found to be 240.02g, 193.8g and 124.39g respectively. Also, the estimated bio-hydrogenated gasoline (BHG) and bio-hydrogenated diesel (BHD) were found to be 192.27g, 154.97g and 87.37g respectively. The process yields more biodiesel than conventional seed oils. This process would be more economical to achieve a biofuel economy than the use of lipids from oil seeds.
Keywords: biofuels, development, fatty acids, feedstocks, Gmelina arborea, waste leaves,
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References
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Authors
Haruna Ibrahim
He is a researcher / lecturer in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna-Nigeria.
Idris M. Bugaje
He is a researcher / lecturer in the National Board for Technical Education, Kaduna-Nigeria
Patrick O. Nwosibe
He is a researcher / lecturer in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna-Nigeria.
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Citing ‘Development of fatty acids as feedstocks for biofuels from Gmelina arborea waste leaves’
@article{Ibrahim_2023,
doi = {10.47721/arjst20230401029},
url = {https://doi.org/10.47721%2Farjst20230401029},
year = 2023,
month = {apr},
publisher = {Skies Educational},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {1--9},
author = {Haruna Ibrahim and and Idris Bugaje and Patrick Nwosibe and and},
title = {Development of fatty acids as feedstocks for biofuels from Gmelina arborea waste leaves},
journal = {Applied Research Journal of Science and Technology}
}
TY - JOUR DO - 10.47721/arjst20230401029 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.47721/arjst20230401029 TI - Development of fatty acids as feedstocks for biofuels from Gmelina arborea waste leaves T2 - Applied Research Journal of Science and Technology AU - Ibrahim, Haruna AU - AU - Bugaje, Idris AU - Nwosibe, Patrick AU - AU - PY - 2023 DA - 2023/04/30 PB - Skies Educational SP - 1-9 IS - 1 VL - 4 SN - 2695-1738 ER -
Feedback: [email protected]
Ibrahim, H., Bugaje, I., & Nwosibe, P. (2023). Development of fatty acids as feedstocks for biofuels from Gmelina arborea waste leaves. Applied Research Journal of Science and Technology, 4(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.47721/arjst20230401029
Feedback: [email protected]
[1]H. Ibrahim, I. Bugaje, and P. Nwosibe, “Development of fatty acids as feedstocks for biofuels from Gmelina arborea waste leaves,” Applied Research Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–9, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.47721/arjst20230401029.
Feedback: [email protected]
Ibrahim, Haruna, et al. “Development of Fatty Acids as Feedstocks for Biofuels from Gmelina Arborea Waste Leaves.” Applied Research Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 4, no. 1, Apr. 2023, pp. 1–9. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.47721/arjst20230401029.
Feedback: [email protected]
1. Ibrahim H, Bugaje I, Nwosibe P. Development of fatty acids as feedstocks for biofuels from Gmelina arborea waste leaves. Applied Research Journal of Science and Technology [Internet]. 2023 Apr 30;4(1):1–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.47721/arjst20230401029
Feedback: [email protected]
Ibrahim, Haruna, Idris Bugaje, and Patrick Nwosibe. “Development of Fatty Acids as Feedstocks for Biofuels from Gmelina Arborea Waste Leaves.” Applied Research Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.47721/arjst20230401029.
Feedback: [email protected]
